Turbo-displacement engine.



L. H. NASH. TURBO-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 31. 1904.

988,133 Patented Mar. 28,1911.

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TURBO-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 31, 1904.

988, 1 33, Patented Mar. 28, 1911.

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L. H. NASH. j I TURBO-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE.

APPLIUATION FILED DEC. 31, 190:1.

988,1 33, Patented Mar. 28, 1911;

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' I A: 7 7 1s Znucutn r NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LEWIS HALLOCK NASH, OF SOUTH NORWALK, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO NASH.

ENGINEERING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TIl'RBO-DISPLACEMEN T ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed December 31, 1904.

Patented Mar. 28, 1911. Serial No. 239,071.

' specification, illustrated by the accompanya turbo-displacement engine.

ing drawings.

My invention is directed to improvements in motive power and consists in certain novel features ofconstruction and operatic-11, by which an elastic fluid, as steam or compressed air, is caused to give motive power to a device.

I have shown, in the drawings various forms of structures embodying my invention and in order that persons skilled in the art may be able to practice my invention, the features which constitute my improvementwill be described in the following specification and particularly pointed out in the claims.

3 In its principle of operation my invention partakes of the nature of an impact or tur bine engine and also of, a displacement struc ture and I have therefore palled my device I will now describe thedrawings which show several forms of structures having my improvement, in which: i

Figure 1 representsa cross-section of a device having my improvement. Fig. 2 is a side view of one of the heads, showing the ports. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section on the line 2, 2 of Fig. 1, showing the ports and passages of the case and piston. Fig. 4 is an end view of the piston. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of the same. Figs. 6. and 7 are cross-sections showing details of the compound engineshown in Fig. 8, in which Fig. 6-is a section on the line 4, 4 of said figure, and Fig. 7 is a section on the line 3, 3, the piston being removed. Fig. 8 is a longit-udinal section of a compound engine of threeunits showing the governor and the oil supply device. Flg. 9'1s across-section of the outlet passage 0n the line 5, 5 of Fig. 8.

In my improved engine I make use of a liquid as a means of transmitting the power from .the motive fluid to the engine. The liquid is introducedin'to a closure and subjected to the pressure of the motive fluid. This, pressure forces the liquid through a passage and it is driven upon a reaction wheel wherein the power is utilized and the liquid is returned to its original position to repeat the cycle. These features are embodied in the structure illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5.

i The case 6 is provided with the supply passage"? and the discharge passage 8. The case 6 is closed upon the end with the cylinder heads 9, 9, which are provided with the inletports 10,10, and the outlet ports 11,, 11, These ports are connected with the passages 7 and 8 in the case. The passages in the heads are preferably formed to open up- Ward, in order that the liquid that may flow into them can fall within the lower part and flood the ports 10 and 11 to keep the case chamber filled with liquid to the desired oint. To prevent the liquid from escaping rom the exhaust, the receiving chamber 16 is constructed in the outlet passage into which the exhaust from the ports may whirl about and discharge the liquid before the gaseous portions pass out of the exhaust pipe. 4

The piston of wheel 12 is mounted on the shaft 13, and operates in bearings eccentrlc to the case chamber so as to make a o1nt with one side of the case while upon the other side of the wheel a crescent-shaped passage is formed between the periphery of the wheel and the case walls. The wheel is provided with arms 14, which are curved at their outer ends so as to form reactlon sur-. faces to receive the impact of the liqu d. The center of the wheel is provided w1th passages 15, which, acting with the ports 10, control the inflow of the fluid to the spaces on one side of the wheel, while upon the other side they co-act with the ports 11, 11, to control the exhaust of the worklng fluid. Fig. 1 shows the wheel and case 1n one position of its operation in order to show the action of the parts. It will be seen that the port 10 (shown in dotted l1nes) 1s 1n communication with the passages leadlng to the wheel spaces y, z and 0, while the exhaust port 11 is n communication with the wheel spaces '8, t, u, o and w. Suppose now that the wheel is revolving in the direction of wheel chamber, the water in the case would assume a rotating posi ion whose level'was the broken line n. Hen the wheel blades would form a closure with the water, forming spaces surrounding the wheel, which would increase in volume on one side of the wheel while they would continually decrease in volume on the other side of the wheel. In Fig. 1 the spaces 2, 0, p, q and r are enlarging while the spaces 8, t, 21, 0,40 are, contracting and we have here present all the features of a displacing structure which will make a rotary engine.

Now let us consider the device as being operated by steam pressure. The steam would be admitted through the port 10 to the space .2, while the steam in the spaces 19, q, T, will be expanding. At the same time the spaces 8, t, 11,41,10, will be in communication with the exhaust port 11, from which the steam can escape into the outlet pipe. In this case we are supposing that the water is revolving at the same speed as the wheel and that the pressure is not great enough to change the level of the revolving water. Suppose now that the pressure of the steam is greatly increased, then its pressure will drive the water out from the spaces 2, 0, p, and r, as shown by the arrows, and this Water will flow around the wheel chamber as indicated by the larger arrow at a ve' locity greater than that of the'wheel and the level of the water in these spaces would take a position such as indicated bythe lines a, Z), 0, (Z, and c. This water would now flow to the other side of the wheel and would be received upon the curved arms of the blades upon'which it would exert a pressure in the direction of the motion of the wheel. The level of the water in the exhaust spaces under the action of centrifugal force and the inwardly directing action of the blades may be indicated in a general way by the lines f, g, h, '5, 7a, which are intended to represent the filling action of the water as it is brought to the speed of the wheel and fills the spaces. This operation continues during the revolution of the wheel. A wheel space starting in the position a first passes by the port 10, from which it receives the pressure of the steam. As it passes forward the space enlarges by the eccentric action of the wheel and also by the ejection of the water from the space. hen the wheel blade has passed 0 er the port 10, the steam is cut off and from there on the steam will act expansively'through the positions p, g, and 7', until the ,blade reaches the position 8, and the exhaust port 11 is opened, when the steam escapes into the exhaust pipe. Passing on through the positions .9, t, u, e and w, the steam is exhausting and the spaces are being refilled with water until in the positions m and y, the spaces are completely filled and they pass onward to complete another cycle. Considering the displacement action, therefore, it will be observed that one of the walls of the enlarging and contracting closures is a liquid and the liquid being the moving wall constitutes the piston. 20 is a. wall governor or other suitable controlling device arranged to throttle the supply of steam and so control the speed of the engine. It will thus be seen that the liquid performs a cycle of operations in passing from the filled spaces, being driven through the crescent-shaped passage upon the wheel and then being returned to its original position; and it will also be seen that the motive fluid also performs a cycle of operations, acting expansively in the displacement action of the engine and also in imparting motion to the liquid. I have thereforecalled the device a two fluid motor and the steam or other prime mover may be called the motive fluid. The co-action of these fluids combines to develop power in the engine.

In the operation of the engine under steam pressure, there will be a certain amount of condensation of the steam and this willv supply a certain aniount of water to maintain the required amount for the proper working of the engine,but in order that this condensation shall not be too great I may make use of asurface of oil to prevent direct contact of the steam with the water. This oil will naturally float upon the surface of the water and since oil is not a good conductor of heat, and since the oil and steam of motive fluids, as for instance, compressed air, and that I may use any liquid in the place of Water. When a powerful engine is desired I may use mercury as the driven fluid, or I may use oil for the same purpose. When the engine is operating with compressed a1r the oil is preferred, for various reasons of a practical nature; butit is to be understood that I do not limit my invention to the use of any particular liquid.

In order to adapt my engine to the use of steam with high economy, or to utilize the high pressures of the motive 'fluid I combine the engines in series so that the exhaust from one engine is carried to the next engine and so on. By this means the work ofthe motive fluid is distributed between several cylinders and a -more perfect utilization of the force of the motive fluid can be secured. In this combination, any liquid that may escape from one case will pass into I the next in series, and any gas that may have leaked from one case will be expanded in the next, and the device can be operated at a lower speed to utilize a given pressure.

Figs. 7 and 8 show one form of device having three power chambers in series. In this compound engine, the individual units are like that shown in Figs. 1 to 5, and the exhaust port of the first in series opens into a passage leading to the inlet port of the next unit, and in these units the inlet and outlet ports are in the opposite heads. In order to show the arrangement clearly there is shown a device having three engines in series, but any number of-engines that may be desired can be used.

Referring to Figs. 6, 7 8' and 9,'the supply pipe is provided with' a governor 20',

which controls the supply of the steam or other motive fluid to the engine. 22 is a lubricator of a well known form which is attached to the supply-passage through the pipes 23, 24. The motive fluid enters the passage 25, from whichit passes through the port 29 into the wheel chamber 35. After doing its work in this chamber it passes out of the port 30 into the passage 26. This passage is shown in section in Fig. 6,

and it is made of an enlarged section and of such ashape that the liquid will not be carried over into the next engine, but will be separated from thefluid and will remain by gravity in the lower part of the passage, and in case the spaces. in the wheel chamber are not completely filled with liquid, this liquid will flow=backward and supply the wheel chamber with the liquid. The motive fluid now passes through the port 31 to the wheel chamber 36, and then passesth'rough the passage 27, to the port-'38, into the wheel chamber 37, and after doing its work therein it escapes through the port 34, into the discharge passage 28. Without enumerating the many modifications of which this invention is capable, what I desire to secure by United States Letters Patent are the following:

1. In a turbo-displacement engine, the

combination of a chamber, a rotary member containing buckets within said chamber,

passages being formed between the chamber and the rotary member, a liquid rotating in said chamber, means for introducing a fluid under pressure to the buckets of-said wheel to expel the liquid from one bucket and introduce it to another of the buckets.

2. The combination of a-casing, a member moving therein and provided with buckets, a liquid rotating in the casing-and adapted to enter the buckets successively, and a fluid.

for expelling the liquid from one bucket to a succeeding bucket.

3. A turbo-displacement engine consisting of a case chamber, inlet and outlet ports centrally located within said chamber,- a.

wheel eccentrically-located within said case Y chamber dividing said, chamber into enlarging and contracting portions and turb neblades-upon said wheel adapted to utilize sure.

the motion of said wheel to' produce power,

a liquid in the chamber adapted to enter and 'recede from the spaces between the blades,

and-means for forcing the liquid from one of said spaces against the blades and into another of said spaces.

4:. In a turbo-displacement engine, the

combination of a wheel, turbine blades upon sald wheel, said wheel and blades being eccentrlcally mounted within a casecham'ber,

ports centrally located within said chamber, a

a liquid within said chamber, a fluid admitting to said chamber by means of said ports, the opening of said ports being controlled by the position of saidblades, substantially as set forth.

5. In combination in a two fluid engine, of a case chamber having ports in each head, a wheel operatingeccentrically in said chamher, said wheel having ports at each end c0- operating with the case ports to control the inlet and discharge of the motive fluid and to retainthe liquid, substantially as set forth.

6. In a turbo-displacemeiit engine the combination of rotating enlarging and con- .tracting closures, one of the walls of which iscomposed of a liquid, ports for controlling the flow of a lighter fluid, suchas air or steam, under pressure into andfrom said' closures, and a turbine structure acted upon. by said liquld.

7 In a turbo-displacement engine a turbine structure comprising a rotating part; with enlarging and contracting closures and means for impelling a heavier fluid through said turbine structure by the pressure of a lighter fluid'in said closures. 1

8. A motor device consisting'of a revolving member having closures, a liquid enterof revolving closures containing a liquid body combined with means for driving said liquid from one revolving closure to another, and combined with a-case chamber directing the current of the liquid into said closure.

11. In a motor, the combination with a revolving member including a pluralityof closures and a turbine structure, of a liquid entering and receding from said closures, and means for expelling the liquid from one closure, and forcing it. in the direction of one revolving closure to an rotation of said revolving member against the turbine structure and into another clo- 12. In a motor, the combination a revolving member having closures, of acase chamber having a passage for a liquid from one set of closures to another, and means for introducing; a fluid under pressure into one of said closures to force the liquid out of one of said closures through said passage and into another closure.

13. Ina motor, the combination with a chamber, of a rotary member in said chamber having buckets, a liquid in said chamber and buckets, and means for forcing said liquid out of one bucketand for causing it to impinge upon another bucket.

14. In a motor, the combination with a chamber, of a rotary member in said chamber having buckets, a liquid in said chamber and-buckets, and means for forcing said liquid out of one bucket and for causing it to flow in the direction of rotation of and at a greater speed than the rotary member.

15. In a motor, the combination with a chamber, of a rotary member in said chamber having buckets and having a close axia fit with said casing, a liquid in said chamber and buckets, and means for introducing a fluid into'said buckets to force the liquid therefrom and exert'a torque on said rotary member. a I

16. In a motor, the combination with a chamber, of a rotary member eccentrically placed in said chamber, and having buckets and having a close axial fit .With said casing, a liquid in said chamber and buckets, and means for introducing a-fluid into said buckets to force the liquid therefrom and exert a torque on said rotary member.

17. In a motor, the combination with a chamber, of a rotary member in said chamber having buckets, a turbine structure, a liquid in said chamber and buckets, and a port adjacent the center of the rotary member for introducing a fluid under pressure into a bucket for forcing said liquid out of a bucket and for imparting a velocity to drive the turbine structure. U

' 18. In a motor, the combination with a chamber, of a rotary member in said chamber, curved blades on said member forming buckets adapted to receive liquid which is located in said chamber, and a port adjacent the center of the rotary member for introducing a fluid under pressure into said buckets to expel the liquid therefrom against lsjaid blades to impart a torque to said mem- 19. In a motor, the combination with a chamber, of a rotary member in said chamber, blades on said member directed in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of said member, said blades forming buckets adapted to receive a liquid which is located in said chamber, and a port adjacent the center of the rotary member for introducing a fluid under pressure into said buckets to expel the liquid therefrom and against said blades to impart a. torque to said member.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name in presence of two Witnesses, this 20th day of December, 1904.

- LEWIS HALLOCK NASH.

Witnesses:

E. W. HAVILAND, S. H. SWORN. 

